RESUMO Introdução Díspares ao desenvolvimento da sociedade, os índices de saúde nos estudantes universitários chineses apresentam uma queda acentuada nos últimos anos. A preocupação governamental sobre esse recente desafio tem incentivado pesquisas para soluções práticas, incluindo protocolos de atividades físicas otimizados. Objetivo Explorar os efeitos da intervenção por exercícios físicos na saúde dos estudantes universitários chineses. Métodos Universitários de período integral (80 homens e 55 mulheres) foram selecionados e distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Antes e depois do experimento, foi testada a escala de composição corporal e experiência de exercício dos universitários, com foco na relação entre prescrição de exercício e mudanças nos indicadores de saúde física e mental. Resultados O percentual de gordura corporal de estudantes do sexo masculino e feminino diminuiu significativamente após o experimento. Após 8 semanas de experimento de prescrição de exercícios, o peso de estudantes universitários do sexo masculino e feminino foi controlado ou reduzido. A prescrição de exercícios sugerida alcançou um bom efeito moderador no peso dos voluntários. Houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos, indicando que o experimento teve efeito benéfico sobre a capacidade vital (p<0,01). Conclusão A prescrição de exercícios sugerida demonstrou-se viável para orientar e intervir no exercício físico dos universitários visando um impacto benéfico sobre a saúde física nos universitários. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Disparate to the development of society, health indices in Chinese college students have shown a pronounced decline in recent years. Government concern over this recent challenge has encouraged research for practical solutions, including optimized physical activity protocols. Objective Explore the effects of an exercise intervention on the health of Chinese university students. Methods Full-time university students (80 males and 55 females) were selected and randomly assigned into two groups. Before and after the experiment, the college students’ body composition scale and exercise experience were tested, focusing on the relationship between exercise prescription and changes in physical and mental health indicators. Results The body fat percentage of male and female students decreased significantly after the experiment. After eight weeks of the exercise prescription experiment, the weight of male and female college students was controlled or reduced. The suggested exercise prescription achieved a good moderating effect on the weight of the volunteers. There was a significant difference between the two groups, indicating that the experiment had a beneficial effect on vital capacity (p<0.01). Conclusion The suggested exercise prescription proved to be feasible to guide and intervene in the physical exercise of college students aiming at a beneficial impact on the physical health of college students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción A diferencia del desarrollo de la sociedad, los índices de salud de los estudiantes universitarios chinos muestran un fuerte descenso en los últimos años. La preocupación de los gobiernos por este reciente desafío ha fomentado la investigación de soluciones prácticas, entre ellas la optimización de los protocolos de actividad física. Objetivo Explorar los efectos de la intervención de ejercicio en la salud de los estudiantes universitarios chinos. Métodos Se seleccionaron estudiantes universitarios a tiempo completo (80 hombres y 55 mujeres) y se asignaron al azar en dos grupos. Antes y después del experimento, se analizó la escala de composición corporal de los estudiantes universitarios y su experiencia con el ejercicio, centrándose en la relación entre la prescripción de ejercicio y los cambios en los indicadores de salud física y mental. Resultados El porcentaje de grasa corporal de los estudiantes masculinos y femeninos disminuyó significativamente después del experimento. Tras 8 semanas del experimento de prescripción de ejercicio, el peso de los estudiantes universitarios de ambos sexos se controló o redujo. La prescripción de ejercicio sugerida logró un buen efecto moderador en el peso de los voluntarios. Hubo una diferencia significativa entre los dos grupos, lo que indica que el experimento tuvo un efecto beneficioso sobre la capacidad vital (p<0,01). Conclusión La prescripción de ejercicio sugerida demostró ser factible para guiar e intervenir en el ejercicio físico de los estudiantes universitarios apuntando a un impacto beneficioso en la salud física de los estudiantes universitarios. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Objetivo: Dado o atual cenário de desenvolvimento e progresso, pretendemos levantar alternativas eficazes para a promoção do exercício físico nos estudantes universitários. Métodos: Foi executada uma revisão bibliográfica para levantar as características no comportamento do universitário e os pontos que merecem maior atenção em sua saúde física. Resultados: Fatores como nutrição desregrada, alta carga de estresse e principalmente a falta de atividades físicas levam a uma aptidão física deficitária da população universitária. Conclusões: o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas deve ser orientado para a população universitária, a propaganda de uma educação universitária como um lugar de treinamento e exportação de talentos pode enriquecer a vida esportiva dos estudantes universitários, melhorar a qualidade do ensino da classe pública em educação física, promover bons hábitos de exercício entre os estudantes universitários e então melhorar sua saúde física e mental. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos – investigação de resultados de tratamento

ABSTRACT Objective: Given the current scenario of development and progress, we intend to raise effective alternatives for promoting physical exercise in college students. Methods: A literature review was carried out to identify college students’ behavior characteristics and the points that deserve more attention in their physical health. Results: Factors such as unhealthy nutrition, high-stress load, and lack of physical activity lead to poor physical fitness in the university population. Conclusions: The development of public policies should be people-oriented, advertising a university education as a place for training and exporting talent can enrich the sporting life of college students, improve the quality of public class teaching in physical education, promote good exercise habits among college students and then improve their physical and mental health. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results

RESUMEN Objetivo: Ante el actual escenario de desarrollo y progreso, nos proponemos plantear alternativas eficaces para la promoción del ejercicio físico en los estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica para plantear las características en el comportamiento de los estudiantes universitarios y los puntos que merecen más atención en su salud física. Resultados: Factores como una alimentación poco saludable, una elevada carga de estrés y principalmente la falta de actividades físicas conducen a una deficiente aptitud física de la población universitaria. Conclusiones: el desarrollo de las políticas públicas debe orientarse hacia la población universitaria, la propaganda de la educación universitaria como lugar de formación y de exportación de talentos puede enriquecer la vida deportiva de los universitarios, mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza de las clases públicas de educación física, promover los buenos hábitos de ejercicio entre los universitarios y mejorar así su salud física y mental. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos – investigación de resultados de tratamiento

Abstract In this perspective article, we discuss the challenges of imaging assemblies of particles in three dimensions. Starting from a brief motivation for the investigation of particulate materials, we provide an overview of experimental approaches developed for imaging particles. We list the challenges and existing solutions associated with X-ray tomography, one of the standard methods to study statics. Subsequently, we discuss challenges and opportunities arising from emerging new techniques such as radar tracking and ‘smart’ tracers for exploring granular dynamics. We close with a tentative view on the outstanding problems and potential solutions in the future.

AbstractA highly efficient photocatalyst Ag3PO4/Ag was prepared by a one-step low temperature chemical bath method. The reflectance spectra (DRS) indicated Ag3PO4/Ag had strong absorption in visible light region. The synthesized Ag3PO4/Ag photocatalyst was used as the efficient photocatalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible-light illumination which showed almost complete degradation (~ 98%) of RhB dye in 90 min. The negative surface of Ag3PO4/Ag photocatalyst also promoted the degradation of a cationic dye like methylene bule (MB; 78% in 90min), while the performance against an anionic dye like methyl orange was poorer (MO; 40% in 90 min). Compared to the pure Ag3PO4 photocatalyst, the Ag3PO4/Ag photocatalyst showed the enhanced visible light photocatalytic informance. The excellent photocatalytic performance is mainly ascribed to the surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles and a large negative charge of PO43- ions.

L-arabinose is widely used in food, medicine, chemistry, and biology fields; however, solubility and seeded metastable zone width (MSZW) of L-arabinose have not been reported in the literature. In this paper, solubility and MSZW of L-arabinose in aqueous solution were determined. Solubility of L-arabinose was measured in the range of 20-68 °C by a conventional equilibrium solubility method and quantitation was determined using the ion chromatography technique. Seeded MSZW was determined in the range of 51-73% by the calorimetric method. The effect of two salts (potassium chloride and calcium chloride) on the solubility and MSZW of L-arabinose were also evaluated. Results showed that both potassium chloride and calcium chloride increased the solubility of L-arabinose, and this increase was intensified with temperature rise. The MSZW of L-arabinose was not constant but a spread. Potassium chloride increased the MSZW of L-arabinose. However, the effect of calcium chloride on MSZW of L-arabinose was concentration dependent. Conclusion: the L-arabinose solubility increased with the increase in temperature, and both potassium chloride and calcium chloride increased the solubility of L-arabinose in aqueous solution. The seeded MSZW of L-arabinose is not a constant; it increases in the presence of potassium chloride and varies with the change in calcium chloride concentration.

Flower - like Co(OH)2/C nanocomposites have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. Flower - like Co(OH)2/C nanocomposites were self - assembled by the nanosheets with the thickness distribution of 50 - 80 nm and abundant flocculent carbon structures. With the help of transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer, nanosheets were observed to have core/shell structure, in which Co(OH)2 worked as cores and amorphous C as shells. When the as - prepared products were heated for 6 h at 180 ºC, the Co(OH)2 cores were amorphous. The heating time increased to 10 h, the Co(OH)2 cores became crystalline. The formation mechanism and the self - assembly evolution process were proposed. The microwave dielectric properties of Co(OH)2/C nanocomposites were investigated in the frequency range of 0.03 - 18 GHz. Compared with the amorphous Co(OH)2/C nanocomposites, crystalline nanocomposites had the better conductivity.

Since the 1980s, extensive research has been conducted comparing reading comprehension from printed text and computer screens. The conclusions, however, are not very consistent. As reading from computer screens requires a certain degree of individual technical skill, such variables should be objectively taken into consideration when conducting an experiment regarding the comparison between print and screen reading. This study analyses the difference in the level of understanding of the two presentational formats (text on printed pages and hypertext on computer screens) for people between 45-54 years of age (i.e. "middle-aged" adults). In our experimental findings there were no significant differences between the levels of comprehension for print and screen presentations. With regard to individual differences in gender, age group and educational level, the findings are as follows: gender and education effects on print reading comprehension performance were significant, while those on screen reading comprehension performance were not. For middle-aged computer learners, the main effect of age group on both print and screen reading comprehension performance was insignificant. In contrast, linear texts of traditional paper-based material are better for middle-aged readers' literal text comprehension, while hypertext is beneficial to their inferential text comprehension. It is also suggested that hypermedia could be used as a cognitive tool for improving middle-aged adults' inferential abilities on reading comprehension, provided that they were trained adequately to use available computers.